Genetius

The study introduces a native‑condition method combining cell fractionation and immuno‑isolation to purify autophagic compartments from Arabidopsis, followed by proteomic and lipidomic characterisation of the isolated phagophore membranes. Proteomic profiling identified candidate proteins linked to autophagy, membrane remodeling, vesicular trafficking and lipid metabolism, while lipidomics revealed a predominance of glycerophospholipids, especially phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol, defining the unique composition of plant phagophores.

The study demonstrates that the chromatin remodeler DDM1 is essential for biomass heterosis in Arabidopsis thaliana hybrids, as loss of DDM1 function leads to reduced rosette growth and extensive genotype‑specific transcriptomic and DNA methylation changes. Whole‑genome bisulfite sequencing revealed widespread hypomethylation in ddm1 mutants, while salicylic acid levels were found unrelated to heterosis, indicating that epigenetic divergence, rather than SA signaling, underpins hybrid vigor.

The study identifies GyrB3 as a novel nuclear factor that interacts with histone deacetylases to regulate transposable element silencing in plants, acting as a suppressor of IBM1 deficiency–induced epigenetic defects. Loss of GyrB3 reduces DNA methylation and increases H3 acetylation at TEs, demonstrating the importance of histone deacetylation for genome stability.

The study resolves the ectodomain structure of the plant-specific LRR‑RLK CARD1 (HPCA1) and reveals a surface‑exposed copper ion coordinated by histidines that is essential for hydrogen peroxide signaling. Combined structural, genetic, and biochemical analyses show that previously identified cysteine residues are not required for signal perception, establishing CARD1 as the first copper‑dependent redox receptor.

The study reconstitutes Papaver rhoeas self‑incompatibility (SI) in Arabidopsis thaliana by expressing the pollen S‑determinant PrpS, revealing that SI triggers a rapid Ca2+‑dependent signaling cascade that leads to mitochondrial H2O2 production, metabolic collapse, and programmed cell death. Using a genetically encoded H2O2 sensor and metabolic assays, the authors show that early mitochondrial disruption, driven by altered Ca2+, cytosolic pH, and distinct ROS sources, is central to the SI response.

The study compared two plasma‑activated water (PAW) solutions with different H₂O₂ levels, produced by a radio‑frequency glow discharge, on Arabidopsis thaliana growth and stress responses. PAW lacking detectable H₂O₂ promoted seedling growth and induced nitrogen‑assimilation genes, while H₂O₂‑containing PAW did not affect growth but enhanced root performance under heat stress; mature plants fertilized with H₂O₂‑free PAW performed comparably to nitrate controls. These results indicate PAW can replace NO₃⁻ fertilizers provided H₂O₂ levels are carefully managed.

The study identifies the serine/threonine protein kinase CIPK14/SNRK3.15 as a regulator of sulfate‑deficiency responses in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, with mutants showing diminished early adaptive and later salvage responses under sulfur starvation. While snrk3.15 mutants exhibit no obvious phenotype under sufficient sulfur, the work provides a novel proteomic dataset comparing wild‑type and mutant seedlings under sulfur limitation.

The study demonstrates that constitutively active MLO (faNTA) can rescue the fer-4 root‑hair bursting and polarity defects, restoring tip‑focused cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations and ROS accumulation, highlighting a FERONIA‑MLO signaling module that governs Ca2+ influx and ROS production during root‑hair tip growth. Genetic analysis of mlo15-4 further confirms MLO15 as a key regulator of these Ca2+ and ROS dynamics. The findings suggest MLO proteins act downstream of FER to coordinate calcium and ROS signals essential for root‑hair integrity.

The study reveals that reactive oxygen species (ROS) have distinct temporal roles in Arabidopsis thaliana stigma papillae development, with superoxide promoting early growth and hydrogen peroxide marking mature, pollen‑receptive papillae. Pharmacological reduction of superoxide or transgenic over‑expression of superoxide dismutase under an early stigma promoter impairs papillae growth, highlighting ROS homeostasis as essential for proper papillae differentiation and successful pollination.

The study combined long‑read whole‑genome assembly, multi‑omics profiling (DNA methylation, mRNA, ribosome‑associated transcripts, tRNA abundance, and protein levels) in two Arabidopsis thaliana accessions to evaluate how genomic information propagates through the Central Dogma. Codon usage in gene sequences emerged as the strongest predictor of both mRNA and protein abundance, while methylation, tRNA levels, and ribosome‑associated transcripts contributed little additional information under stable conditions.