Using genome‑wide association studies in Arabidopsis thaliana, the authors identified the chromatin‑associated protein CDCA7 as a trans‑regulator that specifically controls CG methylation (mCG) and TE silencing. CDCA7 and its paralog CDCA7β bind the remodeler DDM1, modulating its activity without broadly affecting non‑CG methylation or histone variant deposition, and natural variation in CDCA7 regulatory sequences correlates with local ecological adaptation.

The study demonstrates that the chromatin remodeler DDM1 is essential for biomass heterosis in Arabidopsis thaliana hybrids, as loss of DDM1 function leads to reduced rosette growth and extensive genotype‑specific transcriptomic and DNA methylation changes. Whole‑genome bisulfite sequencing revealed widespread hypomethylation in ddm1 mutants, while salicylic acid levels were found unrelated to heterosis, indicating that epigenetic divergence, rather than SA signaling, underpins hybrid vigor.

The study examined molecular responses in grapevine leaves with and without esca symptoms, using metabolite profiling, RNA‑seq and whole‑genome bisulfite sequencing. Metabolic and transcriptomic changes were confined to symptomatic leaves and linked to local DNA‑methylation alterations, while asymptomatic leaves showed distinct but overlapping methylation patterns, some present before symptoms, indicating potential epigenetic biomarkers for early disease detection.

The study identifies GyrB3 as a novel nuclear factor that interacts with histone deacetylases to regulate transposable element silencing in plants, acting as a suppressor of IBM1 deficiency–induced epigenetic defects. Loss of GyrB3 reduces DNA methylation and increases H3 acetylation at TEs, demonstrating the importance of histone deacetylation for genome stability.

The study examined gene expression, DNA methylation, and small RNA profiles in a Citrus hybrid (C. reticulata × C. australasica) using haplotype‑resolved subgenome assemblies, revealing allele‑specific expression and asymmetric CHH methylation that correlated with increased transcription and 24‑nt siRNA accumulation at promoters. This unconventional association suggests RNA‑directed DNA methylation (RdDM) can activate transcription in citrus fruit and provides a pipeline for epigenomic analysis of complex hybrids relevant to disease resistance breeding.

The study presents a high-quality genome assembly for the nickel hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens and uses it as a reference for comparative transcriptomic analyses across different N. caerulescens accessions and the non‑accumulating relative Microthlaspi perfoliatum. It identifies a limited set of metal transporters (NcHMA3, NcHMA4, NcIREG2, and NcIRT1) whose elevated expression correlates with hyperaccumulation, and demonstrates that frameshift mutations in NcIRT1 can abolish the trait, indicating an ancient, transporter‑driven origin of nickel hyperaccumulation.

The study identifies the transcription factor MdBRC1 as a key inhibitor of bud growth during the ecodormancy phase in apple (Malus domestica), directly regulating dormancy‑associated genes and interacting with the flowering promoter MdFT2 to modulate bud break. Comparative transcriptomic analysis and gain‑of‑function experiments in poplar demonstrate that MdFT2 physically binds MdBRC1, attenuating its repressive activity and acting as a molecular switch for the transition to active growth.

The study introduced full-length SOC1 genes from maize and soybean, and a partial SOC1 gene from blueberry, into tomato plants under constitutive promoters. While VcSOC1K and ZmSOC1 accelerated flowering, all three transgenes increased fruit number per plant mainly by promoting branching, and transcriptomic profiling revealed alterations in flowering, growth, and stress‑response pathways.

The study combined long‑read whole‑genome assembly, multi‑omics profiling (DNA methylation, mRNA, ribosome‑associated transcripts, tRNA abundance, and protein levels) in two Arabidopsis thaliana accessions to evaluate how genomic information propagates through the Central Dogma. Codon usage in gene sequences emerged as the strongest predictor of both mRNA and protein abundance, while methylation, tRNA levels, and ribosome‑associated transcripts contributed little additional information under stable conditions.

Reduced activity of methylthioadenosine (MTA) nucleosidase causes MTA over‑accumulation in reproductive tissues, leading to lowered cysteine, methionine, and S‑adenosylmethionine levels and altered sulfur and energy metabolism. These metabolic disturbances trigger misregulation of cell‑cycle progression, widespread down‑regulation of developmental genes, and genome‑wide changes in DNA methylation patterns, highlighting the extensive role of MTA recycling in plant growth and methyl‑index maintenance.