The study characterizes a conserved RNA structural element named DEAD within DEAD-box helicase genes in land plants, showing that it functions as a sensor of helicase activity to regulate alternative splicing in Arabidopsis thaliana. By modulating the folding of DEAD, the plant balances helicase transcript and protein levels via a negative feedback loop, and loss of this regulation leads to widespread splicing disruptions and severe stress phenotypes.

Field experiments combined with RNA sequencing revealed that wheat ploidy influences heat stress resilience, with tetraploid T. turgidum showing the smallest yield loss and hexaploid T. aestivum mounting the largest transcriptional response. Ploidy-dependent differences were observed in differential gene expression, alternative splicing—including hexaploid-specific exon skipping of NF‑YB—and co‑expression networks linked to grain traits, highlighting candidate pathways for breeding heat‑tolerant wheat.

The study generated the first tissue‑specific full‑length transcriptome atlas for Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus using combined PacBio SMRT and Illumina RNA‑Seq, uncovering 281,468 transcripts and 8,089 novel genes. Twenty‑one candidate genes in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis were identified, along with extensive alternative splicing events that appear to modulate tissue‑specific production of ocotillol‑type ginsenosides.

The study examined leaf pavement cell shape complexity across a natural European aspen (Populus tremula) population, using GWAS to pinpoint the transcription factor MYB305a as a regulator of cell geometry. Functional validation showed that MYB305a expression is induced by drought and contributes to shape simplification, with cell complexity negatively correlated with water-use efficiency and climatic variables of the genotypes' origin.

The study introduces a hybrid modeling framework that integrates a logistic ordinary differential equation with a Long Short-Term Memory neural network to form a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) for predicting wheat plant height. Using only time and temperature as inputs, the PINN outperformed other longitudinal growth models, achieving the lowest average RMSE and reduced variability across multiple random initializations. The results suggest that embedding biological growth constraints within data‑driven models can substantially improve prediction accuracy for plant traits.

A genome‑wide association study of 187 bread wheat genotypes identified 812 significant loci linked to 25 spectral vegetation indices under rainfed drought conditions, revealing a major QTL hotspot on chromosome 2A that accounts for up to 20% of variance in greenness and pigment traits. Candidate gene analysis at this hotspot uncovered stress‑responsive genes, demonstrating that vegetation indices are heritable digital phenotypes useful for selection and genetic analysis of drought resilience.

The study identified a heat‑responsive exon‑skipping event in the basic Helix‑Loop‑Helix domain of the transcription factor PIF4, which reduces PIF4 activity and promotes photomorphogenic traits in etiolated seedlings. This reveals a novel post‑transcriptional mechanism by which plants modulate PIF4 function during heat stress.

The study characterizes the plant spliceosomal protein AtSF1 in Arabidopsis thaliana, using iCLIP and RNA‑seq to map its in vivo branch point binding sites and demonstrate that loss of AtSF1 causes widespread 3' splice‑site mis‑selection. Structural comparison reveals a plant‑specific domain architecture, and the identified AtSF1 targets are enriched for circadian and defense genes, linking splicing regulation to timing and immunity.

Using a forward genetic screen of 284 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, the study identified extensive natural variation in root endodermal suberin and pinpointed the previously unknown gene SUBER GENE1 (SBG1) as a key regulator. GWAS and protein interaction analyses revealed that SBG1 controls suberin deposition by binding type‑one protein phosphatases (TOPPs), with disruption of this interaction or TOPP loss‑of‑function altering suberin levels, linking the pathway to ABA signaling.

The study identifies the serine/arginine-rich splicing factor RS2Z36 as a key regulator of ovary patterning and early fruit morphology in tomato, with loss‑of‑function mutants producing smaller, ellipsoid fruits and elongated pericarp cells. RNA‑seq and proteomic analyses reveal widespread alternative splicing and altered protein abundance, including novel splice‑variant peptides, while mutant pericarps show increased deposition of LM6‑detected arabinan and AGP epitopes.