The study examined how increasing copper concentrations affect root tip cells of Solanum lycopersicum, revealing that mitochondria are the first organelles to exhibit fragmentation, depolarization, and ROS accumulation, which trigger stress signaling cascades. Copper exposure also caused pronounced nuclear alterations, including chromatin condensation marked by reduced H3K4me3, nuclear shrinkage, and eventual cell death, highlighting chromatin remodeling as a key indicator of copper toxicity.

Using transparent root apex cells of Solanum lycopersicum, the study employed live‑cell fluorescence imaging, immunostaining, and super‑resolution microscopy to map the sequential collapse of organelles under lidocaine anesthesia. It reveals that mitochondria, lysosomes, vesicle trafficking, and especially the nucleus undergo time‑dependent damage, with reversible effects up to four hours but irreversible nuclear degradation and programmed cell death beyond that, highlighting potential protective strategies.

The study shows that the SnRK1 catalytic subunit KIN10 directs tissue-specific growth‑defense programs in Arabidopsis thaliana by reshaping transcriptomes. kin10 knockout mutants exhibit altered root transcription, reduced root growth, and weakened defense against Pseudomonas syringae, whereas KIN10 overexpression activates shoot defense pathways, increasing ROS and salicylic acid signaling at the cost of growth.

The study introduces a minimal precursor platform for synthetic trans-acting siRNAs (syn-tasiRNAs) in tomato, leveraging the endogenous SlmiR482b microRNA to produce functional silencing agents in both transgenic and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) systems. Minimal precursors successfully silenced endogenous genes and conferred resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus, and a transgene‑free delivery via crude extracts was demonstrated, highlighting a versatile tool for precision RNAi in Solanum lycopersicum.

The study generated and physiologically characterized tomato ELIP mutants (slelip) under various light conditions, finding no impairment in photosynthetic performance or increased photoinhibition. Using a pSlELIP1::Venus reporter, ELIP expression was localized primarily to epidermal guard cells rather than mesophyll, and mutants showed reduced stomatal conductance during dark‑to‑light transition, suggesting a role for ELIPs in guard‑cell light responses.

The authors engineered a double fluorescent reporter line in the tomato cultivar Micro‑Tom, using mTurquoise and mScarlet‑I driven by generative‑cell‑ and sperm‑cell‑specific promoters, respectively. They established a protocol that releases male gametes from pollen, stains them with SYTOX Red, and isolates viable generative cells, sperm cells, and vegetative nuclei via fluorescence‑activated cell sorting (FACS). This tool enables high‑purity, high‑quantity isolation of tomato male gametes for downstream omics studies.

The study characterizes all seven malic enzyme genes in tomato, analyzing their tissue-specific expression, temperature and ethylene responsiveness, and linking specific isoforms to metabolic processes such as starch and lipid biosynthesis during fruit development. Phylogenetic, synteny, recombinant protein biochemical assays, and promoter analyses were used to compare tomato enzymes with Arabidopsis counterparts, revealing complex evolutionary dynamics that decouple phylogeny from functional orthology.

The study investigates the regulation and function of mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) during tomato fruit ripening, revealing that AOX activity peaks at the breaker stage and becomes the dominant pathway for climacteric respiration, driven by increased TCA cycle intermediates rather than gene expression. Using CRISPR‑Cas9 aox1a mutants, the authors show that loss of AOX disrupts ripening‑related metabolite profiles, underscoring AOX’s critical role in supporting ethylene and carotenoid biosynthesis.

The study developed a validated LC‑MS/MS method to simultaneously quantify fourteen polyamines, amino acids, and ethylene precursors in Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum, and used it to compare their metabolic responses to drought, salinity, and inhibitor treatments. Distinct species‑specific metabolic adjustments were observed, with Arabidopsis showing greater fluctuations and drought generally increasing metabolite levels, while spermine exhibited stress‑specific patterns.