The authors used a bottom‑up thermodynamic modelling framework to investigate how plants decode calcium signals, starting from Ca2+ binding to EF‑hand proteins and extending to higher‑order decoding modules. They identified six universal Ca2+-decoding modules that can explain variations in calcium sensitivity among kinases and provide a theoretical basis for interpreting calcium signal amplitude and frequency in plant cells.

The study investigated whether expression of Dormancy-Associated MADS-BOX genes DAM3 and DAM4 inversely correlates with vegetative growth during semi-dormancy induction and breaking in cultivated strawberry. DAM3 and DAM4 expression showed negative correlations with leaf area and petiole length, with DAM4 particularly reflecting growth during dormancy breaking, while no cultivar-specific chill requirement or leaf-type differences were detected. These findings support DAM3 and DAM4 as regulators of semi‑dormancy in Fragaria × ananassa.