The authors used a bottom‑up thermodynamic modelling framework to investigate how plants decode calcium signals, starting from Ca2+ binding to EF‑hand proteins and extending to higher‑order decoding modules. They identified six universal Ca2+-decoding modules that can explain variations in calcium sensitivity among kinases and provide a theoretical basis for interpreting calcium signal amplitude and frequency in plant cells.

High-quality PacBio HiFi draft genome assemblies were generated for three Bouteloua species (B. curtipendula, B. gracilis, B. eriopoda) with >98.5% BUSCO completeness. Gene prediction with Helixer produced inflated gene counts likely reflecting polyploidy and fragmented predictions, and panEDTA identified 25–40% transposable-element content dominated by LTR retrotransposons. These assemblies provide foundational references for comparative genomics within PACMAD grasses.

The study presents high-quality nuclear and organellar genome assemblies for Gerbera hybrida, generated using PacBio HiFi and Omni-C chromatin capture sequencing, resulting in a 2.32 Gb nuclear genome assembled into 25 scaffolds matching its chromosome number. Annotation identified 36,160 protein‑coding genes and detailed mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes, establishing a valuable genomic resource for molecular breeding and research in Gerbera and the Asteraceae family.