The study identifies RAF24, a B4 Raf-like MAPKKK, as a novel regulator of flowering time in Arabidopsis, demonstrating that RAF24 controls the phosphorylation of the ubiquitin ligase HUB2 via SnRK2 kinases, thereby modulating H2Bub1 levels. Phospho‑mimetic and phospho‑ablative HUB2 mutants confirm that phosphorylation at S314 is critical for proper flowering timing.

The study uncovers a feedback mechanism wherein phosphomimic mutation (PetD T4E) or deletion of the N‑terminal five amino acids of the b6f subunit PetD suppresses STT7 kinase activity, leading to a State 1‑locked phenotype and impaired electron transfer, highlighting the essential regulatory role of the PetD N‑terminus in photosynthetic state transitions.

A biparental Vicia faba mapping population was screened under glasshouse conditions for resistance to a mixture of Fusarium avenaceum and Fusarium oxysporum, revealing several families with moderate to high resistance. Using the Vfaba_v2 Axiom SNP array, a high-density linkage map of 6,755 SNPs was constructed, enabling the identification of a major QTL on linkage group 4 associated with partial resistance to foot and root rot.