The study investigated the molecular basis of quantitative resistance to black spot disease in a Rosa wichurana × Rosa chinensis F1 population, identifying two major QTLs (B3 on LG3 and B5 on LG5). RNA‑seq of inoculated and control leaf samples at 0, 3, and 5 days post‑inoculation revealed extensive transcriptional reprogramming, with QTL B3 triggering classic defense pathways and QTL B5 showing a limited, distinct response. These findings highlight complex, QTL‑specific regulation underlying durable black‑spot resistance in roses.

The study identified key transcription factors governing the development of T-shaped non-glandular trichomes (TSTs) in Artemisia argyi by comparing RNA‑seq profiles of TST‑bearing and non‑TST tissue, highlighting the AarMIXTA gene family as central regulators. Overexpressing AarMIXTA1.2 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana markedly increased TST density, suggesting a positive regulatory role of these MIXTA genes in trichome formation and providing insights for high‑yield moxa floss cultivation.