Field experiments combined with RNA sequencing revealed that wheat ploidy influences heat stress resilience, with tetraploid T. turgidum showing the smallest yield loss and hexaploid T. aestivum mounting the largest transcriptional response. Ploidy-dependent differences were observed in differential gene expression, alternative splicing—including hexaploid-specific exon skipping of NF‑YB—and co‑expression networks linked to grain traits, highlighting candidate pathways for breeding heat‑tolerant wheat.

The study created a system that blocks root‑mediated signaling between wheat varieties in a varietal mixture and used transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling to reveal that root chemical interactions drive reduced susceptibility to Septoria tritici blotch, with phenolic compounds emerging as key mediators. Disruption of these root signals eliminates both the disease resistance phenotype and the associated molecular reprogramming.

The authors used a bottom‑up thermodynamic modelling framework to investigate how plants decode calcium signals, starting from Ca2+ binding to EF‑hand proteins and extending to higher‑order decoding modules. They identified six universal Ca2+-decoding modules that can explain variations in calcium sensitivity among kinases and provide a theoretical basis for interpreting calcium signal amplitude and frequency in plant cells.

The authors performed time‑resolved RNA‑seq on three‑week‑old Arabidopsis thaliana Col‑0 rosettes sampled every two hours over a 24‑hour light/dark cycle and integrated the data with publicly available single‑cell transcriptomes. They found that intermediate regulators—kinases, E3 ligases, and transcription factors—are low‑abundance but display extensive temporal and spatial expression variation, highlighting the importance of sampling time‑of‑day and cellular resolution for studies of metabolism and stress responses.

The study presents an optimized Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol for bread wheat that incorporates a GRF4‑GIF1 fusion to enhance regeneration and achieve genotype‑independent transformation across multiple cultivars. The approach consistently improves transformation efficiency while limiting pleiotropic effects, offering a versatile platform for functional genomics and gene editing in wheat.

The study reveals that whole‑seedling transcriptomic analyses of Arabidopsis thermomorphogenesis are highly variable and often mask organ‑specific responses, with nearly 70% of differentially expressed genes in whole seedlings not detected in any dissected organ. By directly comparing RNA‑seq from whole seedlings and individual organs (root, hypocotyl, cotyledon) and supporting the findings with proteomics, the authors demonstrate that pooling tissues confounds gene‑regulation insights and call for organ‑level approaches in future warm‑temperature research.

The study characterized the virome of Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum) across eight locations in Narino, Colombia, revealing up to four virus species from the Torradovirus, Potyvirus, and Polerovirus genera, including the first report of a torradovirus in tamarillo. A novel isolate of potato virus Y‑Tamarillo (PVY‑Tam) with unique P3N‑PIPO protein truncations was identified, suggesting host‑specific adaptation and informing future diagnostic and control strategies.

The study used RNA‑seq to compare early transcriptional responses to acute heat and cold stress in cultivated cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) and its F1 hybrids with the cold‑adapted wild relative V. oxycoccos. Cold stress triggered differential expression in pathways such as photosynthesis, ribosomes, defense, and hormone signaling, with some hybrids showing transiently elevated cold‑responsive expression, suggesting potential cold‑tolerance introgression. The results highlight the utility of wild germplasm for breeding temperature‑resilient cranberries.

The study investigated the molecular basis of quantitative resistance to black spot disease in a Rosa wichurana × Rosa chinensis F1 population, identifying two major QTLs (B3 on LG3 and B5 on LG5). RNA‑seq of inoculated and control leaf samples at 0, 3, and 5 days post‑inoculation revealed extensive transcriptional reprogramming, with QTL B3 triggering classic defense pathways and QTL B5 showing a limited, distinct response. These findings highlight complex, QTL‑specific regulation underlying durable black‑spot resistance in roses.

The study identified key transcription factors governing the development of T-shaped non-glandular trichomes (TSTs) in Artemisia argyi by comparing RNA‑seq profiles of TST‑bearing and non‑TST tissue, highlighting the AarMIXTA gene family as central regulators. Overexpressing AarMIXTA1.2 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana markedly increased TST density, suggesting a positive regulatory role of these MIXTA genes in trichome formation and providing insights for high‑yield moxa floss cultivation.