The authors used a bottom‑up thermodynamic modelling framework to investigate how plants decode calcium signals, starting from Ca2+ binding to EF‑hand proteins and extending to higher‑order decoding modules. They identified six universal Ca2+-decoding modules that can explain variations in calcium sensitivity among kinases and provide a theoretical basis for interpreting calcium signal amplitude and frequency in plant cells.

A common garden experiment with six white spruce seed sources was conducted for seven years across two Quebec sites differing in latitude and climate to evaluate local adaptation. Bud set timing, frost tolerance, and non‑structural carbohydrate (NSC) profiles showed strong site, seed source, and interaction effects, with NSC concentrations correlating with cold hardiness and suggesting implications for assisted migration strategies.

Using genome‑wide association studies in Arabidopsis thaliana, the authors identified the chromatin‑associated protein CDCA7 as a trans‑regulator that specifically controls CG methylation (mCG) and TE silencing. CDCA7 and its paralog CDCA7β bind the remodeler DDM1, modulating its activity without broadly affecting non‑CG methylation or histone variant deposition, and natural variation in CDCA7 regulatory sequences correlates with local ecological adaptation.

The study compares neutral genetic diversity and adaptive differentiation between old-growth and recently planted Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands in northern Sweden, finding similar overall genetic diversity but stronger local adaptation signals in natural forests. Planted stands exhibit weaker adaptive variation and higher vulnerability to future climate change, underscoring the need to conserve adaptive genetic variation in forest management.

A common garden experiment with 320 wild barley (Hordeum vulgare) accessions across two seasons quantified over 30 photophysiological traits, revealing heritable variation and strong genotype-by-environment interactions. Genome-wide association studies and population genetics identified signals of local adaptation, particularly involving stomatal conductance under water limitation, highlighting its role in maintaining photosynthesis and biomass.

A forward genetic screen in the negative photoblastic plant Aethionema arabicum identified a phytochrome A null mutant (koy2) that fails to inhibit seed germination under various light qualities, demonstrating that phytochrome A mediates light‑inhibited germination. The study links natural variation in phytochrome A signaling to local adaptation across the Irano‑Turanian region.

The study performed transcriptome profiling of Cryptomeria japonica individuals from different geographic origins grown in three common gardens across Japan, assembling 77,212 transcripts guided by the species' genome. Using SNP-based genetic clustering and weighted gene co‑expression network analysis, they identified gene modules whose expression correlated with genetic differentiation, revealing that defense‑related genes are up‑regulated in Pacific‑side populations while terpenoid metabolism genes are higher in Sea‑of‑Japan populations, indicating local adaptation via regulatory changes.

The study examined interspecific and intraspecific drought responses of Populus fremontii, P. angustifolia, and their hybrids using leaf-level visible‑shortwave infrared spectroscopy and canopy-level UAV thermal imaging. Spectral shifts revealed that hybrids showed the strongest drought reaction, while local adaptation influenced the magnitude and direction of spectral changes, demonstrating convergence under stress. These findings highlight remote sensing as a powerful tool to detect ecological and evolutionary drought responses across scales.