Field experiments combined with RNA sequencing revealed that wheat ploidy influences heat stress resilience, with tetraploid T. turgidum showing the smallest yield loss and hexaploid T. aestivum mounting the largest transcriptional response. Ploidy-dependent differences were observed in differential gene expression, alternative splicing—including hexaploid-specific exon skipping of NF‑YB—and co‑expression networks linked to grain traits, highlighting candidate pathways for breeding heat‑tolerant wheat.

The study characterizes a radiation‑induced root‑suppressed (Rs) mutant in tomato that displays dwarfism and pleiotropic defects in leaves, flowers, and fruits. Metabolite profiling and rescue with H2S donors implicate disrupted sulfur metabolism, and whole‑genome sequencing identifies promoter mutations in two root‑meristem‑specific sulfotransferase genes as likely contributors to the root phenotype.

The study identifies members of the REMORIN protein family as inhibitors of plasma membrane H⁺‑ATPases, leading to extracellular pH alkalinization that modulates cell surface processes such as steroid hormone signaling and coordinates root developmental transitions in Arabidopsis thaliana. This inhibition represents an ancient mechanism predating root evolution, suggesting that extracellular pH patterning has shaped plant morphogenesis.

The authors used a bottom‑up thermodynamic modelling framework to investigate how plants decode calcium signals, starting from Ca2+ binding to EF‑hand proteins and extending to higher‑order decoding modules. They identified six universal Ca2+-decoding modules that can explain variations in calcium sensitivity among kinases and provide a theoretical basis for interpreting calcium signal amplitude and frequency in plant cells.

The authors performed time‑resolved RNA‑seq on three‑week‑old Arabidopsis thaliana Col‑0 rosettes sampled every two hours over a 24‑hour light/dark cycle and integrated the data with publicly available single‑cell transcriptomes. They found that intermediate regulators—kinases, E3 ligases, and transcription factors—are low‑abundance but display extensive temporal and spatial expression variation, highlighting the importance of sampling time‑of‑day and cellular resolution for studies of metabolism and stress responses.

The study reveals that whole‑seedling transcriptomic analyses of Arabidopsis thermomorphogenesis are highly variable and often mask organ‑specific responses, with nearly 70% of differentially expressed genes in whole seedlings not detected in any dissected organ. By directly comparing RNA‑seq from whole seedlings and individual organs (root, hypocotyl, cotyledon) and supporting the findings with proteomics, the authors demonstrate that pooling tissues confounds gene‑regulation insights and call for organ‑level approaches in future warm‑temperature research.

The study characterized the virome of Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum) across eight locations in Narino, Colombia, revealing up to four virus species from the Torradovirus, Potyvirus, and Polerovirus genera, including the first report of a torradovirus in tamarillo. A novel isolate of potato virus Y‑Tamarillo (PVY‑Tam) with unique P3N‑PIPO protein truncations was identified, suggesting host‑specific adaptation and informing future diagnostic and control strategies.

The study used RNA‑seq to compare early transcriptional responses to acute heat and cold stress in cultivated cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) and its F1 hybrids with the cold‑adapted wild relative V. oxycoccos. Cold stress triggered differential expression in pathways such as photosynthesis, ribosomes, defense, and hormone signaling, with some hybrids showing transiently elevated cold‑responsive expression, suggesting potential cold‑tolerance introgression. The results highlight the utility of wild germplasm for breeding temperature‑resilient cranberries.

The study profiled root transcriptomes of Arabidopsis wild type and etr1 gain-of-function (etr1-3) and loss-of-function (etr1-7) mutants under ethylene or ACC treatment, identifying 4,522 ethylene‑responsive transcripts, including 553 that depend on ETR1 activity. ETR1‑dependent genes encompassed ethylene biosynthesis enzymes (ACO2, ACO3) and transcription factors, whose expression was further examined in an ein3eil1 background, revealing that both ETR1 and EIN3/EIL1 pathways regulate parts of the network controlling root hair proliferation and lateral root formation.

The study investigated the molecular basis of quantitative resistance to black spot disease in a Rosa wichurana × Rosa chinensis F1 population, identifying two major QTLs (B3 on LG3 and B5 on LG5). RNA‑seq of inoculated and control leaf samples at 0, 3, and 5 days post‑inoculation revealed extensive transcriptional reprogramming, with QTL B3 triggering classic defense pathways and QTL B5 showing a limited, distinct response. These findings highlight complex, QTL‑specific regulation underlying durable black‑spot resistance in roses.