Field experiments combined with RNA sequencing revealed that wheat ploidy influences heat stress resilience, with tetraploid T. turgidum showing the smallest yield loss and hexaploid T. aestivum mounting the largest transcriptional response. Ploidy-dependent differences were observed in differential gene expression, alternative splicing—including hexaploid-specific exon skipping of NF‑YB—and co‑expression networks linked to grain traits, highlighting candidate pathways for breeding heat‑tolerant wheat.

The study employed ultra large‑scale 2D clinostats to grow tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants beyond the seedling stage under simulated microgravity and upright control conditions across five sequential trials. Simulated microgravity consistently affected plant growth, but the magnitude and direction of the response varied among trials, with temperature identified as a significant co‑variant; moderate heat stress surprisingly enhanced growth under simulated microgravity. These results highlight the utility of large‑scale clinostats for dissecting interactions between environmental factors and simulated microgravity in plant development.

The study identified a heat‑responsive exon‑skipping event in the basic Helix‑Loop‑Helix domain of the transcription factor PIF4, which reduces PIF4 activity and promotes photomorphogenic traits in etiolated seedlings. This reveals a novel post‑transcriptional mechanism by which plants modulate PIF4 function during heat stress.

The authors used a bottom‑up thermodynamic modelling framework to investigate how plants decode calcium signals, starting from Ca2+ binding to EF‑hand proteins and extending to higher‑order decoding modules. They identified six universal Ca2+-decoding modules that can explain variations in calcium sensitivity among kinases and provide a theoretical basis for interpreting calcium signal amplitude and frequency in plant cells.

The study identifies two diel regulatory modules that coordinate plant cuticle formation: the LRB‑phyB‑PIF4 pathway suppresses wax biosynthesis during daylight, while the COP1‑CFLAP1 pathway promotes cutin accumulation at night. Degradation of phyB and CFLAP1 via specific E3 ubiquitin ligases modulates the activity of transcription factors PIF4 and BDG1 to ensure timely cuticle assembly.

The authors performed time‑resolved RNA‑seq on three‑week‑old Arabidopsis thaliana Col‑0 rosettes sampled every two hours over a 24‑hour light/dark cycle and integrated the data with publicly available single‑cell transcriptomes. They found that intermediate regulators—kinases, E3 ligases, and transcription factors—are low‑abundance but display extensive temporal and spatial expression variation, highlighting the importance of sampling time‑of‑day and cellular resolution for studies of metabolism and stress responses.

The study investigated metabolic responses of kale (Brassica oleracea) grown under simulated microgravity using a 2-D clinostat versus normal gravity conditions. LC‑MS data were analyzed with multivariate tools such as PCA and volcano plots to identify gravity‑related metabolic adaptations and potential molecular markers for spaceflight crop health.

The study shows that high ambient temperature triggers extensive changes in ROS homeostasis in Arabidopsis seedlings, with H2O2 balance being essential for thermomorphogenic hypocotyl elongation. PIF4 directly activates catalase genes CAT2 and CAT3 to regulate H2O2 levels, forming a PIF4‑CAT‑H2O2 module that operates alongside the PIF4‑auxin pathway, while elevated H2O2 feeds back to reduce PIF4 protein abundance.

The study reveals that whole‑seedling transcriptomic analyses of Arabidopsis thermomorphogenesis are highly variable and often mask organ‑specific responses, with nearly 70% of differentially expressed genes in whole seedlings not detected in any dissected organ. By directly comparing RNA‑seq from whole seedlings and individual organs (root, hypocotyl, cotyledon) and supporting the findings with proteomics, the authors demonstrate that pooling tissues confounds gene‑regulation insights and call for organ‑level approaches in future warm‑temperature research.

The study characterized the virome of Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum) across eight locations in Narino, Colombia, revealing up to four virus species from the Torradovirus, Potyvirus, and Polerovirus genera, including the first report of a torradovirus in tamarillo. A novel isolate of potato virus Y‑Tamarillo (PVY‑Tam) with unique P3N‑PIPO protein truncations was identified, suggesting host‑specific adaptation and informing future diagnostic and control strategies.