The study investigates how miR394 influences flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana by combining transcriptomic profiling of mir394a mir394b double mutants with histological analysis of reporter lines. Bioinformatic analysis identified a novel lncRNA overlapping MIR394B (named MIRAST), and differential promoter activity of MIR394A and MIR394B suggests miR394 fine‑tunes flower development through transcription factor and chromatin remodeler regulation.

The study developed a validated LC‑MS/MS method to simultaneously quantify fourteen polyamines, amino acids, and ethylene precursors in Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum, and used it to compare their metabolic responses to drought, salinity, and inhibitor treatments. Distinct species‑specific metabolic adjustments were observed, with Arabidopsis showing greater fluctuations and drought generally increasing metabolite levels, while spermine exhibited stress‑specific patterns.

The study investigated whether nitrogen‑fixing rhizobial symbiosis in Medicago truncatula primes defense against the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Metabolite profiling (LC‑MS, GC‑MS) and qPCR revealed that symbiotic plants uniquely accumulated triterpenoid saponins and up‑regulated flavonoid‑biosynthetic genes after aphid infestation, suggesting that NFS enhances pest‑specific defenses.