The study examined how DNA methylation influences cold stress priming in Arabidopsis thaliana, revealing that primed plants exhibit distinct gene expression and methylation patterns compared to non-primed plants. DNA methylation mutants, especially met1 lacking CG methylation, showed altered cold memory and misregulation of the CBF gene cluster, indicating that methylation ensures transcriptional precision during stress recall.

The authors used a bottom‑up thermodynamic modelling framework to investigate how plants decode calcium signals, starting from Ca2+ binding to EF‑hand proteins and extending to higher‑order decoding modules. They identified six universal Ca2+-decoding modules that can explain variations in calcium sensitivity among kinases and provide a theoretical basis for interpreting calcium signal amplitude and frequency in plant cells.

The study examined molecular responses in grapevine leaves with and without esca symptoms, using metabolite profiling, RNA‑seq and whole‑genome bisulfite sequencing. Metabolic and transcriptomic changes were confined to symptomatic leaves and linked to local DNA‑methylation alterations, while asymptomatic leaves showed distinct but overlapping methylation patterns, some present before symptoms, indicating potential epigenetic biomarkers for early disease detection.