The study investigates the role of the SNF1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) in conferring quantitative resistance to clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae in Arabidopsis thaliana. Increased nuclear SnRK1 activity suppresses disease development by down‑regulating sucrose transporter and cell wall invertase expression and activity, thereby reducing sink strength, while the pathogen effector PBZF1 interferes with SnRK1 nuclear translocation.

The study generated a single‑cell transcriptomic atlas of tomato adventitious root development, revealing that vascular tissues retain high developmental potential and that the DOF11‑LEA3 regulatory axis drives this process. Cross‑species integration shows tomato AR‑initiating cells share transcriptional programs with woody dicots but not Arabidopsis, suggesting AR competence is an ancestral vascular identity module. These results highlight tomato as a more representative model for AR biology and provide targets for improving vegetative propagation.

The authors used a bottom‑up thermodynamic modelling framework to investigate how plants decode calcium signals, starting from Ca2+ binding to EF‑hand proteins and extending to higher‑order decoding modules. They identified six universal Ca2+-decoding modules that can explain variations in calcium sensitivity among kinases and provide a theoretical basis for interpreting calcium signal amplitude and frequency in plant cells.

The study demonstrates that trehalose‑6‑phosphate (T6P), a sucrose‑derived metabolite, acts as the central signal linking carbon availability to Target of Rapamycin (TOR) activation in plants. Using Arabidopsis and Brassica napus, the authors show that T6P is necessary for sucrose‑induced TOR activity and that it counteracts SnRK1‑mediated inhibition of TOR, establishing a sucrose‑T6P‑SnRK1‑TOR signaling axis that promotes cell growth.

The study examines how ectopic accumulation of methionine in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves, driven by a deregulated AtCGS transgene under a seed‑specific promoter, reshapes metabolism, gene expression, and DNA methylation. High‑methionine lines exhibit increased amino acids and sugars, activation of stress‑hormone pathways, and reduced expression of DNA methyltransferases, while low‑methionine lines show heightened non‑CG methylation without major transcriptional changes. Integrated transcriptomic and methylomic analyses reveal a feedback loop linking sulfur‑carbon metabolism, stress adaptation, and epigenetic regulation.

The study reveals that the energy sensor SnRK1 modulates Arabidopsis defense by repressing SA‑dependent gene expression and bacterial resistance, with its activity enhanced under high humidity. SnRK1 interacts with TGA transcription factors to attenuate PR1 expression, linking cellular energy status to immune regulation.

The study used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate rice snrk1 mutants and performed integrated phenotypic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic analyses under normal and starvation conditions, revealing SnRK1’s dual role in promoting growth and mediating stress responses. Findings indicate sub-functionalization of SnRK1 subunits and identify novel phosphorylation targets linked to membrane trafficking, ethylene signaling, and ion transport.

The study used chemically induced effector-triggered immunity combined with single-cell transcriptomics to map immune responses across all leaf cell types in Arabidopsis, revealing that while a core defense program is universally activated, individual cell types deploy distinct transcriptional modules. Functional assays showed that epidermis‑specific transcriptional regulators are essential for preventing pathogen penetration, indicating a spatial division of immune functions within the leaf.

The study co‑expressed BABY BOOM and WUSCHEL2 in maize embryos and used single‑cell transcriptomics to infer cell‑type‑specific gene regulatory networks underlying induced somatic embryogenesis. By prioritizing and functionally validating four novel transcription factors, the authors enhanced maize transformation efficiency and produced fertile transgenic plants.

The study reveals that the plant immune regulator NPR1 is modulated by opposing post‑translational modifications mediated by the nutrient‑sensing kinases TOR and SnRK1. Under normal conditions TOR phosphorylates NPR1 at Ser‑55/59 to suppress its activity, while salicylic‑acid‑induced SnRK1 activation inhibits TOR and phosphorylates NPR1 at Ser‑557, thereby activating NPR1 and linking metabolic status to immune signaling.