The study generated a single‑cell transcriptomic atlas of tomato adventitious root development, revealing that vascular tissues retain high developmental potential and that the DOF11‑LEA3 regulatory axis drives this process. Cross‑species integration shows tomato AR‑initiating cells share transcriptional programs with woody dicots but not Arabidopsis, suggesting AR competence is an ancestral vascular identity module. These results highlight tomato as a more representative model for AR biology and provide targets for improving vegetative propagation.

The authors used a bottom‑up thermodynamic modelling framework to investigate how plants decode calcium signals, starting from Ca2+ binding to EF‑hand proteins and extending to higher‑order decoding modules. They identified six universal Ca2+-decoding modules that can explain variations in calcium sensitivity among kinases and provide a theoretical basis for interpreting calcium signal amplitude and frequency in plant cells.

The study establishes a reproducible in vitro regeneration protocol for the native Chilean grass Polypogon australis, a facultative metallophyte valuable for phytoremediation of copper‑contaminated soils. Mesocotyl explants cultured on MS medium with Dicamba yielded callus induction (38.9%) and somatic embryogenesis, producing plantlets without additional organogenic hormones, thereby confirming totipotency and enabling large‑scale propagation and future genetic engineering.

The study examines how ectopic accumulation of methionine in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves, driven by a deregulated AtCGS transgene under a seed‑specific promoter, reshapes metabolism, gene expression, and DNA methylation. High‑methionine lines exhibit increased amino acids and sugars, activation of stress‑hormone pathways, and reduced expression of DNA methyltransferases, while low‑methionine lines show heightened non‑CG methylation without major transcriptional changes. Integrated transcriptomic and methylomic analyses reveal a feedback loop linking sulfur‑carbon metabolism, stress adaptation, and epigenetic regulation.

The study demonstrates that the transcription factor WIND1 drives somatic embryogenesis by simultaneously repressing existing shoot identity genes and activating embryogenic regulators through coordinated histone acetylation dynamics. WIND1 physically interacts with the histone deacetylase HDA9 and the acetyltransferase complex component ADA2a, enabling locus-specific H3K27 deacetylation and acetylation, which remodels chromatin to reprogram cell fate during regeneration.

The study used chemically induced effector-triggered immunity combined with single-cell transcriptomics to map immune responses across all leaf cell types in Arabidopsis, revealing that while a core defense program is universally activated, individual cell types deploy distinct transcriptional modules. Functional assays showed that epidermis‑specific transcriptional regulators are essential for preventing pathogen penetration, indicating a spatial division of immune functions within the leaf.

The study co‑expressed BABY BOOM and WUSCHEL2 in maize embryos and used single‑cell transcriptomics to infer cell‑type‑specific gene regulatory networks underlying induced somatic embryogenesis. By prioritizing and functionally validating four novel transcription factors, the authors enhanced maize transformation efficiency and produced fertile transgenic plants.

The study investigates how the alternatively spliced MP11ir isoform of the ARF5 transcription factor, lacking the PB1 domain, influences somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis by altering auxin homeostasis. Overexpression of a truncated ΔARF5 protein inhibits embryo formation, while MP11ir expression partially rescues the mpS319 mutant by restoring auxin biosynthesis gene expression, highlighting MP/MP11ir as key regulators of the embryogenic transition.

The study shows that the SnRK1 catalytic subunit KIN10 directs tissue-specific growth‑defense programs in Arabidopsis thaliana by reshaping transcriptomes. kin10 knockout mutants exhibit altered root transcription, reduced root growth, and weakened defense against Pseudomonas syringae, whereas KIN10 overexpression activates shoot defense pathways, increasing ROS and salicylic acid signaling at the cost of growth.