The study identifies wound‑induced proline transporters ProT2 and ProT3 as central regulators that link salicylic acid signaling to the suppression of de novo root regeneration (DNRR) via modulation of reactive oxygen species dynamics. Genetic loss of these transporters or pharmacological inhibition of proline transport alleviates SA‑mediated regeneration inhibition across several plant species without compromising disease resistance.

The study integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of red clover (Trifolium pratense) roots infected with Fusarium oxysporum and Phoma medicaginis to identify candidate cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for the methylenedioxy bridge formation in (-)-maackiain biosynthesis. Using co‑expression network analysis and phylogenetic screening, five P450 candidates were selected and screened in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae, revealing TpPbS/CYP76F319 as the enzyme catalyzing conversion of calycosin to pseudobaptigenin. This discovery enables reconstruction of the complete (-)-maackiain pathway for potential health and agricultural applications.

The study investigated how barley (Hordeum vulgare) adjusts mitochondrial respiration under salinity stress using physiological, biochemical, metabolomic and proteomic approaches. Salt treatment increased respiration and activated the canonical TCA cycle, while the GABA shunt remained largely inactive, contrasting with wheat responses.

The study examined how Arabidopsis calcium‑dependent protein kinases AtCPK5 and AtCPK6 modulate immunity triggered by bacterial rhamnolipids, finding that RLs up‑regulate these kinases and that mutants, especially cpk5/6, show altered reactive oxygen species production and defense gene expression. However, these kinases did not influence RL‑induced electrolyte leakage or resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, indicating additional signaling components are involved.

Using a microfluidic valve rootchip, the study simultaneously tracked ROS and calcium dynamics in compressed roots and found three kinetic phases linking mechanosensitive channel activity, NADPH oxidase‑dependent ROS accumulation, and secondary calcium influx. Pharmacological inhibition revealed that a fast calcium response is mediated by plasma‑membrane mechanosensitive channels, while a slower calcium increase is driven by ROS production.

The study examined drought tolerance across nine provenances of the conifer Pinus nigra using high‑throughput phenotyping combined with metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses under controlled soil‑drying conditions. Drought tolerance, measured by the decline in Fv/Fm, varied among provenances but was not linked to a climatic gradient and was independent of growth, with tolerant provenances showing distinct flavonoid and diterpene profiles and provenance‑specific gene expression patterns. Integrating phenotypic and molecular data revealed metabolic signatures underlying drought adaptation in this non‑model conifer.

The study systematically identified heterosis-associated genes and metabolites in rice, functionally validated three genes influencing seedling length, and integrated these molecules into network modules to explain heterosis variance. Predominant additive and partially dominant inheritance patterns were linked to parental genomic variants and were shown to affect 17 agronomic traits in rice, as well as yield heterosis in maize and biomass heterosis in Arabidopsis. The work highlights the quantitative contribution of transcriptomic and metabolomic variation, especially in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, to hybrid vigor.

The authors generated a high‑resolution 1.45‑billion‑contact Micro‑C map for cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), identifying ~4,600 long‑range chromatin loops that fall into promoter‑centered and Polycomb/heterochromatin‑associated classes. Comparative Micro‑C in wild tomatoes showed conserved loop anchors despite sequence turnover, and integration with transcriptomics revealed that promoter‑anchored loops can either activate or repress gene expression depending on the chromatin state of distal anchors.

A comparative phosphoproteomics study using Arabidopsis thaliana ahk5 loss‑of‑function mutants and wild‑type seedlings revealed that the histidine kinase AHK5 mediates a rapid shift from multistep phosphorelay signaling to serine/threonine phosphorylation in response to H2O2. AHK5 controls ROS‑responsive phosphorylation of plasma‑membrane nanodomain proteins and orchestrates distinct ABA‑independent stomatal closure and ABA‑dependent root development pathways by modulating key components such as RBOHD, CAS, HPCA1, and auxin transporters.

The study examined five geographically diverse accessions of the hummingbird‑pollinated monkeyflower Mimulus cardinalis, revealing extensive variation in floral morphology, nectar composition, pigment biochemistry, and scent that influence pollinator perception. Integrating metabolomics, morphology, transcriptomics, and whole‑genome sequencing, the authors identified genetic differences underlying the independent evolution of yellow flowers at range edges. These findings highlight how climate, pollinator interactions, and multi‑trait diversification drive early stages of floral divergence.