Unravelling the intraspecific variation in drought responses in seedlings of European black pine (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold)
Authors: Ahmad, M., Hammerbacher, A., Priemer, C., Ciceu, A., Karolak, M., Mader, S., Olsson, S., Schinnerl, J., Seitner, S., Schoendorfer, S., Helfenbein, P., Jakub, J., Breuer, M., Espinosa, A., Caballero, T., Ganthaler, A., Mayr, S., Grosskinsky, D. K., Wienkoop, S., Schueler, S., Trujillo-Moya, C., van Loo, M.
The study examined drought tolerance across nine provenances of the conifer Pinus nigra using high‑throughput phenotyping combined with metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses under controlled soil‑drying conditions. Drought tolerance, measured by the decline in Fv/Fm, varied among provenances but was not linked to a climatic gradient and was independent of growth, with tolerant provenances showing distinct flavonoid and diterpene profiles and provenance‑specific gene expression patterns. Integrating phenotypic and molecular data revealed metabolic signatures underlying drought adaptation in this non‑model conifer.
In a two-year controlled-environment experiment, diploid and tetraploid individuals of wild-type and cultivar Marshall annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) were grown under elevated CO2 (540 vs 800 ppm) and differing evapotranspiration regimes. Elevated CO2 increased total biomass by 44% across ploidy levels, and tetraploid wild-type plants matched the improved cultivar in growth and forage quality, indicating that chromosome manipulation and wild genetic resources can enhance climate resilience.
Phylogenomic challenges in polyploid-rich lineages: Insights from paralog processing and reticulation methods using the complex genus Packera (Asteraceae: Senecioneae)
Authors: Moore-Pollard, E. R., Ellestad, P., Mandel, J.
The study examined how polyploidy, hybridization, and incomplete lineage sorting affect phylogenetic reconstructions in the genus Packera, evaluating several published paralog‑processing pipelines. Results showed that the choice of orthology and paralog handling methods markedly altered tree topology, time‑calibrated phylogenies, biogeographic histories, and detection of ancient reticulation, underscoring the need for careful methodological selection alongside comprehensive taxon sampling.
Using genome‑wide association studies in Arabidopsis thaliana, the authors identified the chromatin‑associated protein CDCA7 as a trans‑regulator that specifically controls CG methylation (mCG) and TE silencing. CDCA7 and its paralog CDCA7β bind the remodeler DDM1, modulating its activity without broadly affecting non‑CG methylation or histone variant deposition, and natural variation in CDCA7 regulatory sequences correlates with local ecological adaptation.
DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION 1-mediated epigenetic regulation maintains gene expression balance required for heterosis in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Matsuo, K., Wu, R., Yonechi, H., Murakami, T., Takahashi, S., Kamio, A., Akter, M. A., Kamiya, Y., Nishimura, K., Matsuura, T., Tonosaki, K., Shimizu, M., Ikeda, Y., Kobayashi, H., Seki, M., Dennis, E. S., Fujimoto, R.
The study demonstrates that the chromatin remodeler DDM1 is essential for biomass heterosis in Arabidopsis thaliana hybrids, as loss of DDM1 function leads to reduced rosette growth and extensive genotype‑specific transcriptomic and DNA methylation changes. Whole‑genome bisulfite sequencing revealed widespread hypomethylation in ddm1 mutants, while salicylic acid levels were found unrelated to heterosis, indicating that epigenetic divergence, rather than SA signaling, underpins hybrid vigor.
Arabidopsis lines with modified ascorbate concentrations reveal a link between ascorbate and auxin biosynthesis
Authors: Fenech, M., Zulian, V., Moya-Cuevas, J., Arnaud, D., Morilla, I., Smirnoff, N., Botella, M. A., Stepanova, A. N., Alonso, J. M., Martin-Pizarro, C., Amorim-Silva, V.
The study used Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with low (vtc2, vtc4) and high (vtc2/OE-VTC2) ascorbate levels to examine how ascorbate concentration affects gene expression and cellular homeostasis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that altered ascorbate levels modulate defense and stress pathways, and that TAA1/TAR2‑mediated auxin biosynthesis is required for coping with elevated ascorbate in a light‑dependent manner.
The Global Wheat Full Semantic Organ Segmentation (GWFSS) dataset
Authors: Wang, Z., Zenkl, R., Greche, L., De Solan, B., Bernigaud Samatan, L., Ouahid, S., Visioni, A., Robles-Zazueta, C. A., Pinto, F., Perez-Olivera, I., Reynolds, M. P., Zhu, C., Liu, S., D'argaignon, M.-P., Lopez-Lozano, R., Weiss, M., Marzougui, A., Roth, L., Dandrifosse, S., Carlier, A., Dumont, B., Mercatoris, B., Fernandez, J., Chapman, S., Najafian, K., Stavness, I., Wang, H., Guo, W., Virlet, N., Hawkesford, M., Chen, Z., David, E., Gillet, J., Irfan, K., Comar, A., Hund, A.
The Global Wheat Dataset Consortium released a comprehensive semantic segmentation dataset (GWFSS) of wheat organs across developmental stages, comprising 1,096 fully annotated images and 52,078 unannotated images from 11 institutions. Models based on DeepLabV3Plus and Segformer were trained, with Segformer achieving ≈90% mIoU for leaves and spikes but lower precision (54%) for stems, while also enabling weed exclusion and discrimination of necrotic, senescent, and residue tissues.
The study shows that silencing of NOR2 rRNA genes in Arabidopsis thaliana depends primarily on CHH-context cytosine methylation, particularly mediated by CMT2 and the chromatin remodeler DDM1, rather than CG or CHG methylation. Comparative promoter analysis revealed a prevalence of CHH sites in plant rDNA promoters, explaining why CHH methylation mutants disrupt NOR2 silencing more strongly, while NOR2 loci are hyper‑methylated and more condensed than NOR4.