Unravelling the intraspecific variation in drought responses in seedlings of European black pine (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold)
Authors: Ahmad, M., Hammerbacher, A., Priemer, C., Ciceu, A., Karolak, M., Mader, S., Olsson, S., Schinnerl, J., Seitner, S., Schoendorfer, S., Helfenbein, P., Jakub, J., Breuer, M., Espinosa, A., Caballero, T., Ganthaler, A., Mayr, S., Grosskinsky, D. K., Wienkoop, S., Schueler, S., Trujillo-Moya, C., van Loo, M.
The study examined drought tolerance across nine provenances of the conifer Pinus nigra using high‑throughput phenotyping combined with metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses under controlled soil‑drying conditions. Drought tolerance, measured by the decline in Fv/Fm, varied among provenances but was not linked to a climatic gradient and was independent of growth, with tolerant provenances showing distinct flavonoid and diterpene profiles and provenance‑specific gene expression patterns. Integrating phenotypic and molecular data revealed metabolic signatures underlying drought adaptation in this non‑model conifer.
In a two-year controlled-environment experiment, diploid and tetraploid individuals of wild-type and cultivar Marshall annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) were grown under elevated CO2 (540 vs 800 ppm) and differing evapotranspiration regimes. Elevated CO2 increased total biomass by 44% across ploidy levels, and tetraploid wild-type plants matched the improved cultivar in growth and forage quality, indicating that chromosome manipulation and wild genetic resources can enhance climate resilience.
Phylogenomic challenges in polyploid-rich lineages: Insights from paralog processing and reticulation methods using the complex genus Packera (Asteraceae: Senecioneae)
Authors: Moore-Pollard, E. R., Ellestad, P., Mandel, J.
The study examined how polyploidy, hybridization, and incomplete lineage sorting affect phylogenetic reconstructions in the genus Packera, evaluating several published paralog‑processing pipelines. Results showed that the choice of orthology and paralog handling methods markedly altered tree topology, time‑calibrated phylogenies, biogeographic histories, and detection of ancient reticulation, underscoring the need for careful methodological selection alongside comprehensive taxon sampling.
The study examined how soil phosphorus and nitrogen availability influence wheat root-associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities and the expression of mycorrhizal nutrient transporters. Field sampling across two years combined with controlled pot experiments showed that P and N jointly affect AMF colonisation, community composition (with Funneliformis dominance under high P), and regulation of phosphate, ammonium, and nitrate transporters. Integrating metabarcoding and RT‑qPCR provides a framework to assess AMF contributions to crop nutrition.
Arabidopsis lines with modified ascorbate concentrations reveal a link between ascorbate and auxin biosynthesis
Authors: Fenech, M., Zulian, V., Moya-Cuevas, J., Arnaud, D., Morilla, I., Smirnoff, N., Botella, M. A., Stepanova, A. N., Alonso, J. M., Martin-Pizarro, C., Amorim-Silva, V.
The study used Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with low (vtc2, vtc4) and high (vtc2/OE-VTC2) ascorbate levels to examine how ascorbate concentration affects gene expression and cellular homeostasis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that altered ascorbate levels modulate defense and stress pathways, and that TAA1/TAR2‑mediated auxin biosynthesis is required for coping with elevated ascorbate in a light‑dependent manner.
The Global Wheat Full Semantic Organ Segmentation (GWFSS) dataset
Authors: Wang, Z., Zenkl, R., Greche, L., De Solan, B., Bernigaud Samatan, L., Ouahid, S., Visioni, A., Robles-Zazueta, C. A., Pinto, F., Perez-Olivera, I., Reynolds, M. P., Zhu, C., Liu, S., D'argaignon, M.-P., Lopez-Lozano, R., Weiss, M., Marzougui, A., Roth, L., Dandrifosse, S., Carlier, A., Dumont, B., Mercatoris, B., Fernandez, J., Chapman, S., Najafian, K., Stavness, I., Wang, H., Guo, W., Virlet, N., Hawkesford, M., Chen, Z., David, E., Gillet, J., Irfan, K., Comar, A., Hund, A.
The Global Wheat Dataset Consortium released a comprehensive semantic segmentation dataset (GWFSS) of wheat organs across developmental stages, comprising 1,096 fully annotated images and 52,078 unannotated images from 11 institutions. Models based on DeepLabV3Plus and Segformer were trained, with Segformer achieving ≈90% mIoU for leaves and spikes but lower precision (54%) for stems, while also enabling weed exclusion and discrimination of necrotic, senescent, and residue tissues.
The study investigated unexpected leaf spot symptoms in Psa3‑resistant kiwifruit (Actinidia) germplasm, finding that Psa3 was detectable by qPCR and metabarcoding despite poor culturing. Metabarcoding revealed distinct bacterial community shifts in lesions versus healthy tissue, and whole‑genome sequencing identified diverse Pseudomonas spp. that, while not individually more pathogenic, could enhance Psa3 growth, suggesting pathogenic consortia on resistant hosts.