The study introduces a hybrid modeling framework that integrates a logistic ordinary differential equation with a Long Short-Term Memory neural network to form a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) for predicting wheat plant height. Using only time and temperature as inputs, the PINN outperformed other longitudinal growth models, achieving the lowest average RMSE and reduced variability across multiple random initializations. The results suggest that embedding biological growth constraints within data‑driven models can substantially improve prediction accuracy for plant traits.

The study examined how DNA methylation influences cold stress priming in Arabidopsis thaliana, revealing that primed plants exhibit distinct gene expression and methylation patterns compared to non-primed plants. DNA methylation mutants, especially met1 lacking CG methylation, showed altered cold memory and misregulation of the CBF gene cluster, indicating that methylation ensures transcriptional precision during stress recall.

The study integrates multi-omics data from six Sorghum bicolor accessions under field drought to link RNA covalent modifications (RCMs) with photosynthetic performance, identifying the enzyme SbDUS2 that produces dihydrouridine (DHU) on transcripts. Loss‑of‑function dus2 mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana reveal that DHU deficiency leads to hyperstability of photosynthesis‑related mRNAs, impairing germination, development, and stress‑induced CO2 assimilation. The authors propose DHU as a post‑transcriptional mark that promotes rapid mRNA turnover during abiotic stress, enhancing plant resilience.

A meta‑analysis of 73 studies on cucumber (Cucumis sativus) under elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) revealed that eCO₂ significantly increased net photosynthetic rate (+56.31%), biomass (+27.75%) and yield (+21.98%), while reducing stomatal conductance (‑36.07%) and transpiration (‑30.42%). The authors recommend maintaining eCO₂ levels between 800–1200 ppm together with higher light, temperature, optimal humidity, and adequate fertilization to optimise greenhouse cucumber production under climate‑change scenarios.

The study introduces an enhanced crosslinking mass spectrometry workflow that preserves native protein interactions within functional thylakoid membranes of Arabidopsis and spinach, while electron transport remains active. Mapping the obtained crosslinks to known structures validates complex integrity and reveals novel assemblies, facilitating in situ exploration of photosynthetic membrane protein networks.

The study examined how microclimatic factors influence leaf morphology and photosynthetic productivity in Arctostaphylos crustacea ssp. crustacea across two chaparral sites in California, finding that higher light and lower soil moisture increased leaf mass per area, leaf angle steepness, and photosynthetic rates. Linear mixed‑model analysis identified light level as the strongest predictor, with vapor pressure deficit, soil moisture, leaf temperature, and leaf angle also contributing, highlighting the role of combined microclimatic interactions in driving intraspecific trait variation.

The study performed comparative gene expression profiling across four rice accessions—from shoot apical meristem to primordia stage P5—to delineate developmental and photosynthetic transitions in leaf development. By integrating differential expression and gene regulatory network analyses, the authors identified stage-specific regulatory events and key transcription factors, such as RDD1, ARID2, and ERF3, especially in the wild rice Oryza australiensis, offering a comprehensive framework for optimizing leaf function.

The authors established a live‑cell imaging platform that combines confocal microscopy of genetically encoded fluorescent protein biosensors with on‑stage illumination to monitor pH, MgATP²⁻, and NADH/NAD⁺ dynamics during dark‑light transitions in Arabidopsis mesophyll cells. They discovered that photosynthetic proton pumping triggers a stromal alkalinization wave extending to the cytosol and mitochondria, elevates MgATP²⁻ levels, and drives reduction of the NAD pool, with malate dehydrogenase mutants showing altered cytosolic redox even in darkness. This methodological advance enables high‑resolution mapping of photosynthesis‑linked energy physiology across cellular compartments.

The study compared photosynthetic performance and carbon metabolism in mature versus immature leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions from different latitudes under standard and low‑temperature/high‑light conditions. Leaf‑specific measurements of Fv/Fm and CO2 assimilation revealed distinct acclimation capacities, and integration of carbohydrate and carboxylic‑acid profiles into a carbon balance model indicated that mature leaves help stabilize metabolism in younger tissue. The authors emphasize the importance of accounting for intra‑rosette heterogeneity to avoid misleading metabolic interpretations.