The study identifies the RNA‑binding protein AtG3BP1 as a phosphorylation target of MAPKs MPK3, MPK4, and MPK6 at Ser257 in Arabidopsis thaliana and shows that this modification promotes susceptibility to bacterial pathogens, suppresses ROS accumulation and salicylic acid biosynthesis, and maintains stomatal opening. Phospho‑mimic and phospho‑dead mutants reveal that phosphorylation stabilizes AtG3BP1 by preventing proteasomal degradation, highlighting a novel post‑translational control layer in plant immunity.

The study reveals that Arabidopsis actin depolymerization factors (ADF2/3/4) have a nuclear moonlighting role, directly interacting with WRKY transcription factors to regulate immune‑related gene expression. Nuclear, rather than cytosolic, ADFs are essential for defense against both virulent and avirulent Pseudomonas syringae, highlighting a non‑canonical mechanism linking actin dynamics to transcriptional control in plant immunity.

The study shows that the SnRK1 catalytic subunit KIN10 directs tissue-specific growth‑defense programs in Arabidopsis thaliana by reshaping transcriptomes. kin10 knockout mutants exhibit altered root transcription, reduced root growth, and weakened defense against Pseudomonas syringae, whereas KIN10 overexpression activates shoot defense pathways, increasing ROS and salicylic acid signaling at the cost of growth.

The study examines how the SnRK1 catalytic subunit KIN10 integrates carbon availability with root growth regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Loss of KIN10 reduces glucose‑induced inhibition of root elongation and triggers widespread transcriptional reprogramming of metabolic and hormonal pathways, notably affecting auxin and jasmonate signaling under sucrose supplementation. These findings highlight KIN10 as a central hub linking energy status to developmental and environmental cues in roots.

The study shows that the ERF transcription factor PTI5, previously identified as a susceptibility factor, is strongly induced during Bacillus subtilis biofilm establishment on potato roots and modulates ethylene‑dependent immune signaling. Silencing PTI5 enhances bacterial abundance and increases colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis, indicating PTI5 restricts both pathogenic and beneficial microbial interactions. These findings provide mechanistic insight for managing beneficial plant‑microbe relationships in crops.

The study identifies a conserved hydrophobic core within the coiled‑coil (CC) domain of helper NLRs (NRCs) that is essential for NRC4-mediated cell death and immunity. Structural and functional analyses show that this core regulates subcellular localization, oligomerization, and phospholipid association of NRC4, highlighting a novel mechanistic feature of NLR function.

The study engineered autoluminescent reporter constructs that visually indicate jasmonic and salicylic acid signaling with up to 53‑fold contrast. Using consumer‑grade cameras, the authors monitored hormone activity in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana throughout development and during pest and pathogen attacks.