Genetius

The study demonstrates that dihydroxy B‑ring flavonoids modulate the amplitude of the core circadian clock gene reporter TOC1:LUC in Arabidopsis by affecting cellular H2O2 levels, rather than auxin transport. Reducing reactive oxygen species restored normal TOC1:LUC amplitude in flavonoid‑deficient seedlings, and altered chloroplast Ca2+ levels suggest a retrograde signaling component.

The study identifies the scaffolding protein RACK1A as a cytoplasmic interaction partner of the antioxidant enzyme FSD1, revealing that RACK1A recruits FSD1 to cycloheximide-sensitive condensates that colocalize with stress granules during salt stress. Functional analyses show that this RACK1A‑FSD1 module modulates ROS levels, influences root hair tip growth, and determines salt‑stress resilience in Arabidopsis.

The study reveals that hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and the cysteine desulfhydrase DES1 are essential for stomatal immunity, mediating flg22‑ and bacterial‑induced stomatal closure and influencing reactive oxygen species (ROS) dynamics. Loss‑of‑function des1 mutants show altered susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae and reduced apoplastic and cytosolic H₂O₂ accumulation, while H₂S can induce ROS production independently of RBOHD.