The study identified lineage-specific long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) from the aphid‑specific Ya gene family in Rhopalosiphum maidis and R. padi, demonstrating that these Ya lncRNAs are secreted into maize, remain stable, and move systemically. RNA interference of Ya genes reduced aphid fecundity, while ectopic expression of Ya lncRNAs in maize enhanced aphid colonization, indicating that Ya lncRNAs act as cross‑kingdom effectors that influence aphid virulence.

The study used a computer‑vision phenotyping pipeline (EarVision.v2) based on Faster R-CNN to map Ds‑GFP mutant kernels on maize ears and a statistical framework (EarScape) to assess spatial patterns of allele transmission from the apex to the base. They found that alleles causing pollen‑specific transmission defects often show significant spatial biases, whereas Mendelian alleles do not, indicating that reduced pollen fitness can shape the spatial distribution of progeny genotypes in Zea mays.

The study investigates how the pleiotropic maize genes GRASSY TILLERS1 (GT1) and RAMOSA3 (RA3) are differentially regulated to suppress axillary meristems and floral organs, using a newly developed high-throughput quantitative phenotyping method for grass flowers. Distinct environmental mechanisms were found to control each suppression process, and upstream regulatory pathways of GT1 and RA3 have diverged, illustrating how ancient developmental genes can be redeployed to increase genetic pleiotropy during evolution.

The study applied spatial transcriptomics to map the transcriptional landscape of wheat (Triticum aestivum) inflorescences during spikelet development, revealing two distinct regions—a RAMOSA2‑active primordium and an ALOG1‑expressing boundary. Developmental assays showed that spikelets arise from meristematic zones accompanied by vascular rachis formation, identifying key regulators that could be targeted to improve spikelet number and yield.

The study reveals that the maize catalytic trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase RA3 interacts with the non‑catalytic TPS ZmTPS1, and together with the catalytic TPS ZmTPS14 they form a protein complex that enhances enzymatic activity. Genetic analyses show that mutations in ZmTPS1 and its paralog ZmTPS12 exacerbate ra3 branching phenotypes, while loss of the catalytic TPSs ZmTPS11 and ZmTPS14 causes embryonic lethality, indicating essential and regulatory roles for both catalytic and non‑catalytic TPS/TPP proteins in plant development.

Using CRISPR‑Cas9‑generated Zmcry mutants, the study shows that maize cryptochromes redundantly mediate blue‑light signaling, suppress mesocotyl elongation, and enhance UV‑B stress tolerance by upregulating genes for phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, and fatty‑acid pathways. Blue light also promotes epidermal wax accumulation, and ZmCRY1 directly interacts with GLOSSY2 in a light‑dependent manner to drive C32 aldehyde synthesis, linking cryptochrome activity to wax biosynthesis and UV‑B resistance.

An optimized workflow was developed to apply the Xenium in situ sequencing platform to formalin‑fixed paraffin‑embedded (FFPE) sections of Medicago truncatula roots and nodules, incorporating customized tissue preparation, probe design, and imaging to overcome plant‑specific challenges such as cell wall autofluorescence. The protocol was validated across nodule developmental stages using both a 50‑gene panel for mature cell identity and an expanded 480‑gene panel covering multiple cell types, providing a scalable high‑resolution spatial transcriptomics method adaptable to other plant systems.

Metagenomic pool sequencing of infected maize leaves was used to monitor the population dynamics of the fungal pathogen Exserohilum turcicum, revealing a recent shift from local clonal lineages to tropical Kenyan lineages in a Swiss agricultural region. The novel leaf‑pooling approach enabled cost‑effective, large‑scale sampling, while phyllobiome analyses showed consistent microbial communities across maize varieties.

The study co‑expressed BABY BOOM and WUSCHEL2 in maize embryos and used single‑cell transcriptomics to infer cell‑type‑specific gene regulatory networks underlying induced somatic embryogenesis. By prioritizing and functionally validating four novel transcription factors, the authors enhanced maize transformation efficiency and produced fertile transgenic plants.

The study tracked molecular changes in plastoglobules and thylakoids of Zea mays B73 during heat stress and recovery, revealing increased plastoglobule size, number, and adjacent lipid droplets over time. Proteomic and lipidomic analyses uncovered up‑regulation of specific plastoglobule proteins and alterations in triacylglycerol, plastoquinone derivatives, and phytol esters, suggesting roles in membrane remodeling and oxidative defense. These insights highlight plastoglobule‑associated pathways as potential targets for enhancing heat resilience in maize.