Phosphite (Phi) and phosphate (Pi) share the same root uptake system, but Phi acts as a biostimulant that modulates plant growth and disease resistance in a species‑ and Pi‑dependent manner. In Arabidopsis, Phi induces hypersensitive‑like cell death and enhances resistance to Plectosphaerella cucumerina, while in rice it counteracts Pi‑induced susceptibility to Magnaporthe oryzae and Fusarium fujikuroi, accompanied by extensive transcriptional reprogramming.

The study examined how DNA methylation influences cold stress priming in Arabidopsis thaliana, revealing that primed plants exhibit distinct gene expression and methylation patterns compared to non-primed plants. DNA methylation mutants, especially met1 lacking CG methylation, showed altered cold memory and misregulation of the CBF gene cluster, indicating that methylation ensures transcriptional precision during stress recall.

The study used TMT‑based quantitative proteomics and untargeted metabolomics to profile ginger's temporal defense response to Pythium myriotylum, revealing coordinated activation of detoxification, phenylpropanoid, and jasmonic acid pathways. Machine‑learning analysis highlighted the monoterpenoid TGA as a key defense metabolite, and functional assays confirmed its strong anti‑Pythium activity by inhibiting mycelial growth and pathogenicity gene expression.

The study used label-free quantitative proteomics to profile protein abundance changes in Arabidopsis thaliana shoots and roots after phosphate resupply following prolonged deficiency, identifying ~2,700 differentially abundant proteins. Early (1 h) responses involved rapid metabolic adjustments to restore Pi pools, while later (48 h) responses shifted toward anabolic processes such as nucleotide synthesis and membrane remodeling, revealing tissue- and time‑specific regulatory patterns.

The study provides direct evidence for a chloroplast unfolded protein response (cpUPR) by expressing engineered, folding‑defective ferredoxin‑NADP reductase variants in plant chloroplasts, which induced upregulation of chloroplast quality‑control proteins. Quantitative proteomics showed that the response magnitude correlated with the severity of protein misfolding, and misfolded‑protein expression conferred heat‑tolerance, highlighting cpUPR as a specific stress response that can improve plant fitness.

The study characterizes the protein and lipid composition of chloroplast plastoglobules in the B73 maize line during a water-deficit and recovery time course, identifying key polar and neutral lipids and abundant fibrillin proteins. Quantitative proteomics revealed a strong association between Fibrillin 4 and plastoquinone‑9, suggesting a role in redox and prenyl‑lipid metabolism, thereby establishing a foundation for leveraging plastoglobules to enhance crop drought resilience.

The study used quantitative proteomics and co‑fractionation mass spectrometry to uncover rapid ethylene‑induced changes in protein abundance and complex formation during early seedling development, revealing extensive protein multimerization events that correlate with hypocotyl growth modulation. Small‑scale validation confirmed several identified proteins impact hypocotyl development, highlighting novel components of ethylene‑mediated growth regulation.

The study examines how the SnRK1 catalytic subunit KIN10 integrates carbon availability with root growth regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Loss of KIN10 reduces glucose‑induced inhibition of root elongation and triggers widespread transcriptional reprogramming of metabolic and hormonal pathways, notably affecting auxin and jasmonate signaling under sucrose supplementation. These findings highlight KIN10 as a central hub linking energy status to developmental and environmental cues in roots.