The study expressed a Brachypodium phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia‑lyase (PTAL) in Arabidopsis thaliana to create plants that initiate phenylpropanoid biosynthesis from phenylalanine, tyrosine, or both. While the engineered pathway did not affect growth in wild‑type plants, tyrosine‑specific initiation rescued the lethal phenotype of c4h mutants but caused developmental defects due to accumulation of cis‑cinnamic acid, highlighting the evolutionary importance of the canonical phenylalanine‑derived route.

Using ten Phaeodactylum tricornutum mutant strains with graded constitutive Lhcx1 expression, the study links NPQ induction under high light to physiological outcomes (oxidized QA, increased cyclic electron flow) and extensive transcriptomic reprogramming, affecting nearly half the genome. The approach demonstrates that higher NPQ mitigates PSII damage, boosts ATP production for repair, and drives distinct gene regulatory networks, providing a model framework for dissecting photosynthetic and gene expression integration.

The study demonstrates that ELF4 is essential for recruiting ELF3 into hypocotyl nuclei at dusk, a process that enhances ELF3’s ability to repress target gene expression and limit hypocotyl elongation, especially under short‑day conditions. Subnuclear localization patterns of ELF3 differ between hypocotyl and root tissues, indicating tissue‑specific temporal regulation by ELF4.

The study investigates the role of the bZIP transcription factor HY5 in Arabidopsis thaliana’s tolerance to combined high‑light and heat stress (HLHS). HY5 overexpression enhances photosynthetic efficiency, reduces membrane damage, and improves leaf health under HLHS, while HY5 deficiency leads to hypersensitivity, linked to altered accumulation of photosystem II proteins, impaired non‑photochemical quenching via NPQ4/PsbS, and disrupted ABA and JA signaling. Proteomic and hormonal analyses reveal HY5 as a central regulator coordinating photoprotective proteins and hormone networks under multifactorial stress.

The study establishes a tractable system using the large bloom-forming diatom Coscinodiscus granii and its natural oomycete parasite Lagenisma coscinodisci, enabling manual isolation of single host cells and stable co-cultures. High‑quality transcriptomes for both partners were assembled, revealing diverse oomycete effectors and a host transcriptional response involving proteases and exosome pathways, while also profiling the co‑occurring heterotrophic flagellate Pteridomonas sp. This tripartite platform provides a unique marine model for dissecting molecular mechanisms of oomycete‑diatom interactions.

Using a forward genetic screen of 284 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, the study identified extensive natural variation in root endodermal suberin and pinpointed the previously unknown gene SUBER GENE1 (SBG1) as a key regulator. GWAS and protein interaction analyses revealed that SBG1 controls suberin deposition by binding type‑one protein phosphatases (TOPPs), with disruption of this interaction or TOPP loss‑of‑function altering suberin levels, linking the pathway to ABA signaling.

The study examined how Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infection reshapes root-associated bacterial and fungal communities in two Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes. TuMV markedly reduced bacterial diversity and altered community composition in a genotype‑specific manner, while fungal communities stayed stable; bacterial co‑occurrence networks later recovered and even increased in complexity, highlighting microbial resilience. These findings underscore virus‑driven selective filtering of bacterial root microbiota and the role of host genotype in mediating microbiome responses to viral stress.

Using Arabidopsis thaliana cat2 knockout plants complemented with transgenic Helicobacter pylori catalase isoforms, the study demonstrates that peroxisomal catalase is essential for H₂O₂ homeostasis and suppressing non‑enzymatic decarboxylation, thereby supporting normal growth and net carbon fixation. However, once a minimal catalase capacity is restored, further increases in enzyme activity yield limited gains in photosynthetic performance.

The study characterizes the mitochondrial P‑type PPR protein PPR9 in Arabidopsis thaliana, demonstrating that loss of PPR9 causes embryonic arrest, delayed germination, stunted growth, and impaired complex I respiration due to defective splicing of several group II introns (nad2 intron 3, nad7 introns 1 and 2). Using an embryo‑rescue approach to maintain homozygous mutants, molecular analyses reveal that PPR9 is essential for mitochondrial intron splicing and proper respiratory complex I biogenesis, linking nuclear‑encoded RNA processing to plant development and energy metabolism.

The study identifies a non‑canonical H3.3 K27/K36 di‑acetylation mark as a specific substrate of the histone deacetylase HDA19, whose removal under salinity stress is impaired in hda19 mutants, leading to increased LEA protein accumulation and enhanced salt tolerance. Mimicking this di‑acetylation via K→Q substitutions reproduces the hda19 phenotype, and loss of key LEA genes abolishes the tolerance, establishing H3.3 di‑acetylation as a core epigenetic mechanism for stress resilience in Arabidopsis.