The study presents a chromosome-level reference genome for the invasive fern Lygodium microphyllum and compares the transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles of its haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte phases, revealing differential regulation of developmental genes and similar methylation patterns across tissues. Base‑pair resolution methylome data and freezing‑stress experiments show that each life phase employs distinct molecular pathways for stress response, emphasizing the importance of considering both phases in invasive‑species management.

The study investigates how miR394 influences flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana by combining transcriptomic profiling of mir394a mir394b double mutants with histological analysis of reporter lines. Bioinformatic analysis identified a novel lncRNA overlapping MIR394B (named MIRAST), and differential promoter activity of MIR394A and MIR394B suggests miR394 fine‑tunes flower development through transcription factor and chromatin remodeler regulation.

Flavodiiron proteins (FLVs) from the moss Physcomitrium patens were stably expressed in Nicotiana tabacum, resulting in transgenic lines with markedly higher pseudo‑cyclic electron transport (PCET) rates. Under sudden light increases, FLV activity competed with cyclic electron transport, alleviating PSI acceptor‑side limitation and enhancing protection of the photosynthetic apparatus. These results demonstrate that FLVs can function effectively in an angiosperm crop under fluctuating light conditions.