The study tracked molecular changes in plastoglobules and thylakoids of Zea mays B73 during heat stress and recovery, revealing increased plastoglobule size, number, and adjacent lipid droplets over time. Proteomic and lipidomic analyses uncovered up‑regulation of specific plastoglobule proteins and alterations in triacylglycerol, plastoquinone derivatives, and phytol esters, suggesting roles in membrane remodeling and oxidative defense. These insights highlight plastoglobule‑associated pathways as potential targets for enhancing heat resilience in maize.

The study introduced full-length SOC1 genes from maize and soybean, and a partial SOC1 gene from blueberry, into tomato plants under constitutive promoters. While VcSOC1K and ZmSOC1 accelerated flowering, all three transgenes increased fruit number per plant mainly by promoting branching, and transcriptomic profiling revealed alterations in flowering, growth, and stress‑response pathways.

The study used transcriptomic and lipidomic profiling to investigate how chia (Salvia hispanica) leaves respond to short‑term (3 h) and prolonged (27 h) heat stress at 38 °C, revealing rapid activation of calcium‑signaling and heat‑shock pathways and reversible changes in triacylglycerol levels. Nearly all heat‑responsive genes returned to baseline expression after 24 h recovery, highlighting robust thermotolerance mechanisms that could inform improvement of other oilseed crops.

The study examined how Chlamydomonas reinhardtii adjusts its metabolism under fluctuating light (FL) compared with constant high or low light, across high and low CO2 conditions. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that low CO2 drives a carbon‑concentrating mechanism and photorespiration, while high CO2 supports growth by increasing ATP pools and promoting mitochondrial respiration, cyclic electron flow, and starch turnover. The results highlight a CO2‑dependent energy trade‑off between photoprotection, repair, and carbon allocation that governs growth under FL.

The study demonstrates that in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, distinct photosynthetic electron flow pathways each operate efficiently over specific light‑fluctuation frequencies, defined as their bandwidths. By systematically varying light periodicities, the authors show that cyclic electron flow handles a broad range, pseudo‑cyclic electron flow supports rapid fluctuations, and chloroplast‑mitochondria electron flow is limited to slower changes, linking these capacities to ATP generation and photoprotection. The findings suggest that cells dynamically adjust the contribution of each pathway according to the frequency of environmental light changes.

The study used Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with low (vtc2, vtc4) and high (vtc2/OE-VTC2) ascorbate levels to examine how ascorbate concentration affects gene expression and cellular homeostasis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that altered ascorbate levels modulate defense and stress pathways, and that TAA1/TAR2‑mediated auxin biosynthesis is required for coping with elevated ascorbate in a light‑dependent manner.

The study demonstrates that photoinhibition of Photosystem II (PSII) serves as a protective mechanism against Photosystem I (PSI) photoinhibition under chilling stress and fluctuating light, using Arabidopsis thaliana and cucumber. Reduced PSII activity (lower Fv/Fm) kept PSI oxidized and limited ROS production by enhancing re‑oxidation of Fe‑S clusters, confirming PSII‑mediated protection in wild‑type plants.

The study identifies the serine/threonine protein kinase CIPK14/SNRK3.15 as a regulator of sulfate‑deficiency responses in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, with mutants showing diminished early adaptive and later salvage responses under sulfur starvation. While snrk3.15 mutants exhibit no obvious phenotype under sufficient sulfur, the work provides a novel proteomic dataset comparing wild‑type and mutant seedlings under sulfur limitation.

The study performed daily large-scale glycome, transcriptome, and proteome profiling of developing fibers from the two cultivated cotton species, Gossypium barbadense and G. hirsutum, across primary and secondary cell wall stages. It identified delayed cellulose accumulation and distinct compositions of xyloglucans, homogalacturonans, rhamnogalacturonan‑I, and heteroxylans in G. barbadense, along with higher expression of specific glycosyltransferases and expansins, suggesting these molecular differences underlie the superior fiber length and strength of G. barbadense.

The study evaluated how acute heat stress affects early-stage rice seedlings, identifying a critical temperature threshold that impairs growth. Transcriptomic profiling of shoots and roots revealed ethylene‑responsive factors (ERFs) as central regulators, with ethylene and jasmonic acid acting upstream, and pre‑treatment with these hormones mitigated heat damage. These findings highlight ERF‑hormone interaction networks as targets for improving rice heat resilience.