Genetius

The study cloned the resistance genes Rmo2 and Rwt7 from barley and wheat, revealing them as orthologous tandem kinase proteins (TKPs) with an N‑terminal heavy metal‑associated (HMA) domain. Domain‑swapping experiments indicated that the HMA domain dictates effector specificity, supporting a model of TKP diversification into paralogs and orthologs that recognize distinct pathogen effectors.

The study demonstrates that a beta‑1,3‑glucan‑binding protein from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae interacts with the rice thaumatin‑like protein OsPR5, which sequesters the fungal protein to trigger immunity, while the fungus secretes thaumatin‑binding proteins to counteract this defense. Additionally, a rice cell‑surface receptor kinase containing a thaumatin domain has evolved to detect the fungal GBP, highlighting a complex coevolutionary arms race in the rice apoplast.

The study introduces Transposase-Accessible Chromosome Conformation Capture (TAC-C), which combines ATAC‑seq and Hi‑C to map fine‑scale chromatin interactions in rice, sorghum, maize, and wheat, revealing genome‑size‑correlated loop structures and distinct C3 vs. C4 patterns. Integration with population genetics shows that loops link distal regulatory elements to phenotypic variation, and SPL transcription factors (TaSPL7/15) modulate photosynthesis‑related genes via these interactions, enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and starch content in wheat mutants.

The study developed a validated LC‑MS/MS method to simultaneously quantify fourteen polyamines, amino acids, and ethylene precursors in Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum, and used it to compare their metabolic responses to drought, salinity, and inhibitor treatments. Distinct species‑specific metabolic adjustments were observed, with Arabidopsis showing greater fluctuations and drought generally increasing metabolite levels, while spermine exhibited stress‑specific patterns.