The authors introduce a parsimonious tree growth model that couples carbon sources (photosynthesis) and sinks (structural growth) through sucrose‑mediated feedbacks, using Hill functions to represent inhibition and activation. Parameterised for a typical Amazonian rainforest tree, the model shows that source‑sink coupling markedly dampens the projected biomass response to rising atmospheric CO₂, and highlights bidirectional control between photosynthesis and growth as well as size‑dependent allometric effects.

The authors combined biochemical isolation with fluorescence-activated particle sorting (FAPS) to isolate plant Cajal bodies and defined their proteome using mass spectrometry, identifying 110 CB-associated proteins. Functional analysis revealed enrichment for RNA processing, chromatin organization, and gene expression, highlighting both conserved and kingdom‑specific components of the Cajal body proteome.

The authors identify a coordinated enzymatic module in the root endophyte Serendipita indica—GH11 xylanase (SiGH11) and AXE esterase (SiAXE)—that deacetylates and degrades acetylated xylan in monocot roots, thereby dampening ROS‑mediated immune responses and promoting intracellular colonization. Functional assays show that SiAXE overexpression accelerates early colonization, while its deletion impairs fungal proliferation at later stages, revealing a host‑specific, immune‑compatible cell‑wall remodeling strategy.

The study reveals that mesophyll cell plasma membrane water conductance (Lp) declines as cytosolic water potential approaches the turgor loss point, identifying ψcy as the key regulator of Lp. A physiologically based model linking Lp to ψcy is presented, connecting internal water status with leaf hydraulics, substomatal cavity unsaturation, and gas exchange to improve plant water-use modeling under stress.

The study presents a deep‑learning pipeline that uses state‑of‑the‑art convolutional neural networks to automatically estimate the establishment of perennial groundcovers in agricultural research plots from smartphone images. By employing region‑of‑interest markers and deploying the models on AWS SageMaker with a lightweight Django web interface, the approach provides fast, objective, and reproducible assessments that can be adopted by researchers and growers across the Midwest.

The study evaluated the fermentative and biofuel potential of single and assorted fruit and vegetable wastes using physicochemical and biochemical analyses, finding that assorted vegetable waste had low moisture, low crystallinity, and high cellulose content leading to high sugar yields. Optimized fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain NCIM 3594) under specific pH, temperature, and sugar conditions produced a maximum ethanol yield of 2.14%, supporting the use of unsorted vegetable waste for large‑scale bioethanol production.

The study examined how osmotic stress and cytosolic Ca²⁺ signaling regulate autophagy in plants by monitoring the dynamics of RFP‑tagged ATG8i. Both stimuli altered the accumulation of RFP‑ATG8i‑labeled autophagosomes in an organ‑specific way, and colocalization with the ER marker HDEL indicated that ATG8i participates in ER‑phagy during stress.

The study integrates membrane curvature–dependent anchoring into a computational model of interacting cortical microtubules, revealing that cell curvature biases array orientation toward the elongation axis and disrupts transverse ordering, especially in larger cells. To counteract this geometric effect, the authors propose an orientation-dependent catastrophe rate, likely mediated by cellulose microfibrils, which together with anchoring restores transverse microtubule arrays.

The study evaluated four heating strategies for soil in Liaoshen-type solar greenhouses under extreme weather conditions in northeastern China, using a soil temperature prediction model to determine required heating layer temperatures and durations to maintain a minimum soil temperature of 15 °C. Simulation outcomes were experimentally validated with errors between 0.5% and 3.1%, demonstrating the model's accuracy for devising precise heating protocols.

The study provides direct evidence for a chloroplast unfolded protein response (cpUPR) by expressing engineered, folding‑defective ferredoxin‑NADP reductase variants in plant chloroplasts, which induced upregulation of chloroplast quality‑control proteins. Quantitative proteomics showed that the response magnitude correlated with the severity of protein misfolding, and misfolded‑protein expression conferred heat‑tolerance, highlighting cpUPR as a specific stress response that can improve plant fitness.